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Nov 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.13915

First passage times in compact domains exhibit biscaling

Talia Baravi, Eli Barkai

The study of first passage times for diffusing particles reaching target states is foundational in various practical applications, including diffusion-controlled reactions. In this work, we present a bi-scaling theory for the probability density function of first passage times in confined compact processes, applicable to both Euclidean and Fractal domains, diverse geometries, and scenarios with or without external force fields, accommodating Markovian and semi-Markovian random walks. In large systems, first passage time statistics exhibit a bi-scaling behavior, challenging the use of a single time scale. Our theory employs two distinct scaling functions: one for short times, capturing initial dynamics in unbounded systems, and the other for long times is sensitive to finite size effects. The combined framework provides a complete expression for first passage time statistics across all time scales.

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Nov 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.00845

Floquet engineering with spatially nonuniform driving fields

Stella Tallula Schindler, Hanan Herzig Sheinfux

We generalize the scope of Floquet engineering to include spatially-dependent modulations of an optical system. As an application, we show that we can transform large classes of Hamiltonians into one another by driving them in a time-periodic but spatially non-uniform manner. We propose several experimental realizations in 1D optical lattices, including freeing disordered lattices from Anderson localization, as well as effectively disconnecting all their sites. These techniques straightforwardly extend to more complex classes of systems.

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Nov 2025 • ChemElectroChem

The Impact of Sinusoidal Amplitude on Visualising Thermodynamic Dispersion in Fourier Transformed AC Voltammetry

Alister R Dale-Evans, Nick Yates, Rifael Snitkoff-Sol, Lior Elbaz, Alan M Bond, David J Gavaghan, Alison Parkin

Mathematical models of voltammetric experiments commonly contain a singular point value for the reversible potential, whereas experimental data for surface-confined redox-active species is often interpreted to contain thermodynamic dispersion, meaning the population of molecules on the electrode possess a distribution of reversible potential values. Large amplitude ramped Fourier Transformed Alternating Current Voltammetry (FTacV), a technique in which a sinusoidal potential-time oscillation is overlaid onto a linear potential-time ramp, is known to provide access to higher order harmonic components that are largely devoid of non-Faradaic current. Initially, a theoretical study reveals that the use of very large amplitude sinusoidal oscillations reduces the apparent effects of thermodynamic dispersion; conversely, frequency can be varied to change the sensitivity of the measurement to kinetic dispersion. Subsequently, FTacV measurements are used to probe a highly thermodynamically dispersed surface-confined ferrocene derivative attached to a glassy carbon electrode, with amplitudes ranging from 25 to 300 mV and low frequency, which minimises the impact of kinetic dispersion. The results from the experimental study validate the theoretical predictions, demonstrating that we can vary the amplitude in FTacV experiments to tune in and out of thermodynamic dispersion.

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Oct 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.07034

Exploring non-Euclidean photonics: Pseudosphere microlaser

H Girin, S Bittner, X Checoury, D Decanini, B Dietz, A Grigis, C Lafargue, J Zyss, C Xu, P Sebbah, M Lebental

Classical and wave properties of pseudosphere-shape microlasers are investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. These pseudosphere microlasers are surface-like organic microlasers with constant negative curvature, which were fabricated with high optical quality by direct laser writing. It is shown that they behave, in many ways, similar to two-dimensional flat disks, regardless of the different Gaussian curvature of the two systems. Indeed, it is evidenced that, due to rotational symmetry, the pseudosphere is an integrable system with marginally stable dynamics.

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Oct 2025 • Electrochimica Acta 512, 145472, 2025

Boosting urea electro-oxidation activity by pairing nanoporous nickel with borate anions

Bibhudatta Malik, Johannes Bartl, Nophar Tubul, Hannah-Noa Barad

In this work, we elucidate the crucial role of borate anions ([B(OH)4]-) for the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) using a nanoporous metallic nickel (NP-Ni) catalyst grown on Si substrates. The UOR activity of the NP-Ni catalyst has been studied at various boric acid (H3BO3) concentrations, demonstrating superior activity at a specific electrolytic composition of 0.5 M KOH, 0.33 M urea, and 50 mM of H3BO3. Based on a wide range of electrochemical techniques, such as, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Pb-anodic deposition, and chronoamperometry (CA), we develop a potential mechanism for the [B(OH)4]--mediated UOR. The high double layer capacitance, surface density of Ni redox sites, and urea oxidation currents, clearly demonstrate the significant impact of [B(OH)4]- during electrolysis. Furthermore, we find that UOR catalyzed by the NP-Ni is controlled by diffusion both in presence and absence of [B(OH)4]-. Finally, a set of physical characterizations, including XPS, SEM, and TEM were performed to correlate the composition and structure of the NP-Ni to the [B(OH)4]--mediated increased UOR activity. The boosted UOR we obtain can open new avenues for treatment of wastewater and assist with environmental remediation.

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Sep 2025 • Optics & Laser Technology

Cascade time-lens

Sara Meir, Hamootal Duadi, Yuval Tamir, Moti Fridman

Temporal optics rises from the equivalence between light diffraction in free space and pulse dispersion in dispersive media, paving the way for the development of temporal devices and applications, such as time-lenses. A Four-wave mixing based time-lens allows single-shot measurements of ultra-short signals in high temporal resolution by imaging signals, and inducing temporal Fourier transform. We introduce a cascade time-lens by utilizing a cascade FWM process within the time-lens. We theoretically develop and experimentally demonstrate the cascade time-lens, and confirm that different cascade orders correspond to different effective temporal systems, leading to measuring in various temporal imaging configurations simultaneously with a single optical setup. This approach can simplify experiments and provide a more comprehensive view of a signal’s phase and temporal structure. Such capabilities are …

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Sep 2025 • Angewandte Chemie 137 (5), e202418792, 2025

Formation of H2O2 in Near‐Neutral Zn‐air Batteries Enables Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Roman Kapaev, Nicole Leifer, Alagar Raja Kottaichamy, Amit Ohayon, Langyuan Wu, Menny Shalom, Malachi Noked

Rechargeable Zn-air batteries with near-neutral electrolytes hold promise as cheap, safe and sustainable devices, but they suffer from slow charge kinetics and remain poorly studied. Here we reveal a charge storage mechanism of near-neutral Zn-air batteries that is mediated by H2O2 formation upon cell discharge and its oxidation upon charge. The manifestation of this mechanism strongly depends on the electrolyte composition and positive electrode material, being pronounced when ZnSO4 solutions and carbon nanotubes are employed. Oxidation of dissolved H2O2 is facile, enabling oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at low potentials (~1.5 V vs. Zn2+/Zn) which, in contrast to conventional four-electron OER, does not induce corrosion of carbon electrodes. Facilitation of the H2O2-mediated pathway might therefore be helpful for developing high-performance near-neutral Zn-air batteries.

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Jul 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.16598

A tale of three approaches: dynamical phase transitions for weakly bound Brownian particles

Lucianno Defaveri, Eli Barkai, David A Kessler

We investigate a system of Brownian particles weakly bound by attractive parity-symmetric potentials that grow at large distances as , with . The probability density function at long times reaches the Boltzmann-Gibbs equilibrium state, with all moments finite. However, the system's relaxation is not exponential, as is usual for a confining system with a well-defined equilibrium, but instead follows a stretched exponential with exponent . This problem is studied from three perspectives. First, we propose a straightforward and general scaling rate-function solution for . This rate-function, which is an important tool from large deviation theory, also displays anomalous time scaling and a dynamical phase transition. Second, through the eigenfunctions of the Fokker-Planck operator, we obtain, using the WKB method, more complete solutions that reproduce the rate function approach. Finally, we show how the alternative path-integral formalism allows us to recover the same results, with the above rate-function being the solution of the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation describing the most probable path. Properties such as parity, the role of initial conditions, and the dynamical phase transition are thoroughly studied in all three approaches.

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May 2025 • 247th ECS Meeting (May 18-22, 2025)

The Crucial Impact of Salt and Additives in Polymer Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Operation of Rechargeable Solid-State Na Batteries

Doron Aurbach, Gayathri Peta, Miryam Greenstein, Ortal Breuer


May 2025 • 247th ECS Meeting (May 18-22, 2025)

Hot-Pressing Argyrodites for Improved Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Properties

Karl Larson, Yang Wang, Bhuvsmita Bhargava, Ravindra Kumar Bhardwaj, Osma Gomez, Adam Antar, Gary Rubloff, David Zitoun, Alexander C Kozen, Sang Bok Lee, Paul Albertus


May 2025 • 247th ECS Meeting (May 18-22, 2025)

Composite Solid Electrolytes: Understanding the Effect of the Ceramic Additives in PEO Electrolytes for All Solid-State Batteries

Doron Aurbach, Gayathri Peta, Miryam Greenstein, Hadas Alon-Yehezkel, Shaul Bublil, Ortal Breuer


May 2025 • 247th ECS Meeting (May 18-22, 2025)

“Range of Potentials Impedance Spectroscopy”: A Tool for Understanding the Positive Effect of LATP in Solid-State Lithium Batteries Based on Polymeric Electrolyte

Doron Aurbach, Ortal Breuer, Gayathri Peta, Hadas Alon-Yehezkel, Miryam Greenstein, Mikhael D Levi


Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10288

Noise2Ghost: Self-supervised deep convolutional reconstruction for ghost imaging

Mathieu Manni, Dmitry Karpov, K Joost Batenburg, Sharon Shwartz, Nicola Viganò

We present a new self-supervised deep-learning-based Ghost Imaging (GI) reconstruction method, which provides unparalleled reconstruction performance for noisy acquisitions among unsupervised methods. We present the supporting mathematical framework and results from theoretical and real data use cases. Self-supervision removes the need for clean reference data while offering strong noise reduction. This provides the necessary tools for addressing signal-to-noise ratio concerns for GI acquisitions in emerging and cutting-edge low-light GI scenarios. Notable examples include micro- and nano-scale x-ray emission imaging, e.g., x-ray fluorescence imaging of dose-sensitive samples. Their applications include in-vivo and in-operando case studies for biological samples and batteries.

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Apr 2025 • Materials Today Bio

Smart Bactericidal Textile Enabling In-Situ Visual Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity

Amparo Ferrer-Vilanova, Josune Jimenez Ezenarro, Kristina Ivanova, Óscar Calvo, Ilana Perelshtein, Giulio Gorni, Ana Cristina Reguera, Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Maria Blanes, Núria Vigués, Jordi Mas, Aharon Gedanken, Tzanko Tzanov, Gonzalo Guirado, Xavier Muñoz-Berbel

Hospital fabrics and wound dressings with antibacterial properties are essential to minimize infection risks associated with bacterial colonization of textiles. A key challenge of these materials lies in the difficulty in assessing their functional lifespan. Integrating bacterial-sensing elements into smart textiles enables real-time and in-situ evaluation of antibacterial activity. However, this approach is often hindered by the reactivity between bactericidal and bacterial-sensing components, the limited stability and selectivity of the sensing probes, and high production costs. Here, we address these challenges by presenting a smart textile that simultaneously provides antibacterial activity and bacterial-sensing capacity using a layer-by-layer sonochemical deposition method. Prussian blue, a chromogenic bacterial-sensing probe, is integrated onto hospital-grade antibacterial fabrics containing copper oxide nanoparticles …

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.04460

Pressure Induced Anomalous Metal in the Vicinity of the Superconductor Insulator Transition

Roy G Cohen Song, Mark Nikolaevsky, Amitay Cohen, Ran Salem, Shamashis Sengupta, Claire A Marrache-Kikuchi, Aviad Frydman

The Superconductor-to-Insulator Transition (SIT) in two-dimensional superconductors occurs due to a competition between superconductivity, quantum interferences, Coulomb interactions and disorder. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental investigation, the SIT remains an active research area due to the potential for exotic phases near the transition. One such phase is the Anomalous Metal, which has been claimed to exist between the insulating and superconducting states. This elusive phase, which is not consistent with current theories, is under heavy deliberations nowadays. We present an experimental study of the effect of high pressure on thin films of amorphous indium oxide. Our results show that pressure induces a series of transitions from a Bose insulator through a superconducting phase, metallic phases and finally to a conventional insulator. We suggest that our findings reaffirm the existence of a two-dimensional metal close to the SIT and show that its occurrence requires relatively strong coupling between regions that are weakly superconducting.

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Apr 2025 • ACS Omega

Enantioselective Crystallization on Chiral Hybrid Magnetic Polymeric Particles

Yarden Ben Moshe, Meir Abuaf, Chen Mordechai, Amos Sharoni, Yitzhak Mastai

A new class of Janus chiral magnetic polymeric particles was fabricated for chiral resolution by enantioselective crystallization. N-Acryloyl-l/d-Phe methyl ester beads were prepared with controlled sizes and coated with ferromagnetic permalloy. Chiral discrimination by enantiopure d-Ala crystals was investigated in a model for racemic crystallization. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry support the crystallization of the particles. Analysis of optical rotation reveals a d-Ala enantiomeric excess of about 11%, effectively establishing the concept of chiral discrimination by enantioselective crystallization on these Janus chiral magnetic polymeric particles.

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.02982

Inferring scattering-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy Data from Atomic Force Microscopy Images

Stefan G Stanciu, Stefan R Anton, Denis E Tranca, George A Stanciu, Bogdan Ionescu, Zeev Zalevsky, Binyamin Kusnetz, Jeremy Belhassen, Avi Karsenty, Gabriella Cincotti

Optical nanoscopy is crucial in life and materials sciences, revealing subtle cellular processes and nanomaterial properties. Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) provides nanoscale resolution, relying on the interactions taking place between a laser beam, a sharp tip and the sample. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a fundamental part of an s-SNOM system, providing the necessary probe-sample feedback mechanisms for data acquisition. In this Letter, we demonstrate that s-SNOM data can be partially inferred from AFM images. We first show that a generative artificial intelligence (AI) model (pix2pix) can generate synthetic s-SNOM data from experimental AFM images. Second, we demonstrate that virtual s-SNOM data can be extrapolated from knowledge of the tip position and, consequently, from AFM signals. To this end, we introduce an analytical model that explains the mechanisms underlying AFM-to-s-SNOM image translation. These insights have the potential to be integrated into future physics-informed explainable AI models. The two proposed approaches generate pseudo s-SNOM data without direct optical measurements, significantly expanding access to optical nanoscopy through widely available AFM systems. This advancement holds great promise for reducing both time and costs associated with nanoscale imaging.

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Apr 2025 • arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.04558

Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials

F de Abajo, DN Basov, Frank HL Koppens, Lorenzo Orsini, Matteo Ceccanti, Sebastián Castilla, Lorenzo Cavicchi, Marco Polini, PAD Gonçalves, AT Costa, NMR Peres, N Asger Mortensen, Sathwik Bharadwaj, Zubin Jacob, PJ Schuck, AN Pasupathy, Milan Delor, MK Liu, Aitor Mugarza, Pablo Merino, Marc G Cuxart, Emigdio Chávez-Angel, Martin Svec, Luiz HG Tizei, Florian Dirnberger, Hui Deng, Christian Schneider, Vinod Menon, Thorsten Deilmann, Alexey Chernikov, Kristian S Thygesen, Yohannes Abate, Mauricio Terrones, Vinod K Sangwan, Mark C Hersam, Leo Yu, Xueqi Chen, Tony F Heinz, Puneet Murthy, Martin Kroner, Tomasz Smolenski, Deepankur Thureja, Thibault Chervy, Armando Genco, Chiara Trovatello, Giulio Cerullo, Stefano Dal Conte, Daniel Timmer, Antonietta De Sio, Christoph Lienau, Nianze Shang, Hao Hong, Kaihui Liu, Zhipei Sun, Lee A Rozema, Philip Walther, Andrea Alù, Michele Cotrufo, Raquel Queiroz, X-Y Zhu, Joel D Cox, Eduardo JC Dias, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Fadil Iyikanat, Andrea Marini, Paul Herrmann, Nele Tornow, Sebastian Klimmer, Jan Wilhelm, Giancarlo Soavi, Zeyuan Sun, Shiwei Wu, Ying Xiong, Oles Matsyshyn, Roshan Krishna Kumar, Justin CW Song, Tomer Bucher, Alexey Gorlach, Shai Tsesses, Ido Kaminer, Julian Schwab, Florian Mangold, Harald Giessen, M Sánchez Sánchez, DK Efetov, T Low, G Gómez-Santos, T Stauber, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Jiahua Duan, Luis Martín-Moreno, Alexander Paarmann, Joshua D Caldwell, Alexey Y Nikitin, Pablo Alonso-González, Niclas S Mueller, Valentyn Volkov, Deep Jariwala, Timur Shegai, Jorik van de Groep, Alexandra Boltasseva, Igor V Bondarev, Vladimir M Shalaev, Jeffrey Simon, Colton Fruhling, Guangzhen Shen, Dino Novko, Shijing Tan, Bing Wang, Hrvoje Petek, Vahagn Mkhitaryan, Renwen Yu, Alejandro Manjavacas, J Enrique Ortega, Xu Cheng, Ruijuan Tian, Dong Mao, Dries Van Thourhout, Xuetao Gan, Qing Dai, Aaron Sternbach, You Zhou, Mohammad Hafezi, Dmitrii Litvinov, Magdalena Grzeszczyk, Kostya S Novoselov, Maciej Koperski, Sotirios Papadopoulos, Lukas Novotny, Leonardo Viti, Miriam Serena Vitiello, Nathan D Cottam, Benjamin T Dewes, Oleg Makarovsky, Amalia Patanè, Yihao Song, Mingyang Cai, Jiazhen Chen, Doron Naveh, Houk Jang, Suji Park, Fengnian Xia, Philipp K Jenke, Josip Bajo, Benjamin Braun, Kenneth S Burch, Liuyan Zhao, Xiaodong Xu

Triggered by the development of exfoliation and the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals currently constitute a wide research field protruding in multiple directions in combination with layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary collection of those directions, where 2D materials contribute with polaritons of unique characteristics such as strong spatial confinement, large optical-field enhancement, long lifetimes, high sensitivity to external stimuli (e.g., electric and magnetic fields, heating, and strain), a broad spectral range from the far infrared to the ultraviolet, and hybridization with spin and momentum textures of electronic band structures. The explosion of photonics with 2D materials as a vibrant research area is producing breakthroughs, including the discovery and design of new materials and metasurfaces with unprecedented properties as well as applications in integrated photonics, light emission, optical sensing, and exciting prospects for applications in quantum information, and nanoscale thermal transport. This Roadmap summarizes the state of the art in the field, identifies challenges and opportunities, and discusses future goals and how to meet them through a wide collection of topical sections prepared by leading practitioners.

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Apr 2025 • ACS Omega

Enantioselective Crystallization on Chiral Hybrid Magnetic Polymeric Particles

Yarden Ben Moshe, Meir Abuaf, Chen Mordechai, Amos Sharoni, Yitzhak Mastai

A new class of Janus chiral magnetic polymeric particles was fabricated for chiral resolution by enantioselective crystallization. N-Acryloyl-l/d-Phe methyl ester beads were prepared with controlled sizes and coated with ferromagnetic permalloy. Chiral discrimination by enantiopure d-Ala crystals was investigated in a model for racemic crystallization. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry support the crystallization of the particles. Analysis of optical rotation reveals a d-Ala enantiomeric excess of about 11%, effectively establishing the concept of chiral discrimination by enantioselective crystallization on these Janus chiral magnetic polymeric particles.

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